Jak cytować
Abstrakt
The need for cognition is associated primarily with the functioning of the cognitive sphere, motivation to engage in intellectual tasks, inquisitiveness and curiosity. Meanwhile, researchers indicate that it can also affect human life in other areas. The need for cognition transpires to be a tendency to cognitive effort not only in terms of intellectual tasks, but also in interpersonal situations and emotionally demanding situations. The article presents a description of this variable, its correlates as well as the specificity of the functioning of people with a high need for cognition. Studies showing the importance of the need for cognition for the functioning of an individual in interpersonal relationships and for coping with difficult situations have been compiled. The relationship between the need for cognition and human emotionality and its importance as a resource in human life have been emphasized.
Bibliografia
Bruinsma, J., Crutzen, R. (2018). A longitudinal study on the stability of the need for cognition. Personality and Individual Differences, 127, 151-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.02.001
Bye, D., Pushkar, D. (2009). How need for cognition and perceived control are differentially linked to emotional outcomes in the transition to retirement. Motivation and Emotion, 33, 320–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-009-9135-3
Cacioppo, J.T., Petty, R.E. (1982). The need for cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 116–131.
Cacioppo, J.T., Petty, R.E., Feinstein, J.A., Jarvis, W.B. (1996). Dispositional differences in cognitive motivation: The life and times of individuals varying in need for cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 197–253.
Cohen, A.R., Stotland, E., Wolfe, D.M. (1955). An experimental investigation of need for cognition. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 51(2), 291–294.
Cohen-Zimerman, S., Hassin, R.R. (2018). Implicit motivation improves executive functions of older adults. Consciousness and Cognition, 63, 267-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2018.06.007
Colling, J., Wollschläger, R., Keller, U., Preckel, F., Fischbach, A. (2022). Need for Cognition and its relation to academic achievement in different learning environments. Learning and Individual Differences, 93, 102-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2021.102110
De Keersmaecker, J., Dunning, D., Pennycook, G., Rand, D.G., Sanchez, C., Unkelbach, C., Roets, A. (2020). Investigating the robustness of the illusory truth effect across individual differences in cognitive ability, need for cognitive closure, and cognitive style. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 46(2), 204-215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167219853844
Fleischhauer, M., Enge, S., Brocke, B., Ullrich, J., Strobel, A., Strobel, A. (2010). Same or different? Clarifying the relationship of need for cognition to personality and intelligence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 82–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167209351886
Fleischhauer, M., Miller, R., Wekenborg, M.K., Penz, M., Kirschbaum, C., Enge, S., Mayor, E. (2019). Thinking against burnout? An individual’s tendency to engage in and enjoy thinking as a potential resilience factor of burnout symptoms and burnout-related impairment in executive functioning. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 420, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00420
Gao, W., Chen, S., Biswal, B., Lei, X., Yuan, J. (2018). Temporal dynamics of spontaneous default-mode network activity mediate the association between reappraisal and depression. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 13(12), 1235-1247. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy092
Grass, J., Scherbaum, S., Strobel, A. (2022). A question of method and subjective beliefs: The association of need for cognition with self-control. Journal of Individual Differences. 44, 67-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000381
Grass, J., Strobel, A., Strobel, A. (2017). Cognitive investments in academic success: The role of need for cognition at university. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 790. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00790
Hofmann, W., Schmeichel, B.J., Baddeley, A.D. (2012). Executive functions and self-regulation. Trends in cognitive sciences, 16(3), 174-180.
Hui, Q., Yao, C., Huang, S., You, X. (2022). Need for cognition and depressive symptoms: a mediation model of dysexecutive function and reappraisal. Current Psychology, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02406-y
Juszczyk-Rygałło, J. (2018). Samopoznanie jako edukacyjny proces poszukiwania sensu. Pedagogika. Studia i Rozprawy, 27(2), 49-57.
Kardash, C.M., Noel, L.K. (2000). How organizational signals, need for cognition, and verbal ability affect text recall and recognition. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(3), 317-331.
Kliś, M. (2012). Adaptacyjna rola empatii w różnych sytuacjach życiowych. Horyzonty Psychologii, 2, 147-171.
Luong, C., Strobel, A., Wollschläger, R., Greiff, S., Vainikainen, M.P., Preckel, F. (2017). Need for cognition in children and adolescents: Behavioral correlates and relations to academic achievement and potential. Learning and Individual Differences, 53, 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2016.10.019
Maloney, E.A., Retanal, F. (2020). Higher math anxious people have a lower need for cognition and are less reflective in their thinking. Acta psychologica, 202, 102939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102939
Marchetti, I., Shumake, J., Grahek, I., Koster, E. (2018). Temperamental factors in remitted depression: The role of efortful control and attentional mechanisms. Journal of Afective Disorders, 235, 499–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.064
Matczak, A., Knopp, K. (2013). Znaczenie inteligencji emocjonalnej w funkcjonowaniu człowieka. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri.
Matusz, P.J., Traczyk, J., Gąsiorowska, A. (2011). Kwestionariusz Potrzeby Poznania – konstrukcja i weryfikacja empiryczna narzędzia mierzącego motywację poznawczą. Psychologia Społeczna, 2(17), 113-128.
Mayer, J.D., Caruso, D.R., Salovey, P. (2016). The ability model of emotional intelligence: Principles and updates. Emotion Review, 8(4), 290–300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073916639667
McRae, K., Jacobs, S.E., Ray, R.D., John, O.P., Gross, J.J. (2012). Individual diferences in reappraisal ability: Links to reappraisal frequency, well-being, and cognitive control. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(1), 2–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.10.003
Naderi, Z., Bakhtiari, S., Momennasab, M., Abootalebi, M., Mirzaei, T. (2018). Prediction of academic burnout and academic performance based on the need for cognition and general self-efficacy: A cross-sectional analytical study. Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension, 13(6), 584-591.
Nishiguchi, Y., Takano, K., Tanno, Y. (2016). The need forcognition mediates and moderates the association between depressive symptoms and impaired effortful control. Psychiatry Research, 241, 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.092
Oh, E.Y. (2022). Mediating Effect of Need of Cognition on Learning Engagement in Distance Education. Journal of Convergence for Information Technology, 12(5), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.22156/CS4SMB.2022.12.05.051
Pessoa, L. (2009). How do emotion and motivation direct executive control?. Trends in cognitive sciences, 13(4), 160-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.01.006
Petty, R.E., Brińol, P., Loersch, C., McCaslin, M. (2009). The Need for Cognition. W: M.R. Leary, R.H. Hoyle (red.), Handbook of Individual Differences in Social Be-havior, 318–329. New York: Guilford Press.
Rudolph, J., Greiff, S., Strobel, A., Preckel, F. (2018). Understanding the link between need for cognition and complex problem solving. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 55, 53-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2018.08.001
Russo, D., Masegosa, A.R., Stol, K.J. (2022). From anecdote to evidence: the relationship between personality and need for cognition of developers. Empirical Software Engineering, 27(3), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-021-10106-1
Salguero, J.M., García-Sancho, E., Ramos-Cejudo, J., Kannis-Dymand, L. (2020). Individual differences in anger and displaced aggression: The role of metacognitive beliefs and anger rumination. Aggressive behavior, 46(2), 162-169. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21878
Sandra, D.A., Otto, A.R. (2018). Cognitive capacity limitations and Need for Cognition differentially predict reward-induced cognitive effort expenditure. Cognition, 172, 101-106.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2017.12.004
Sargent, M.J. (2004). Less thought, more punishment: Need for cognition predicts support for punitive responses to crime. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(11), 1485-1493. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204264481
Soubelet, A., Salthouse, T.A. (2017). Does need for cognition have the same meaning at different ages?. Assessment, 24(8), 987-998. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116636449
Steinhart, Y., Wyer Jr., R.S. (2009). Motivational correlates of need for cognition. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 608–621. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.565
Strobel, A., Anacker, K., Strobel, A. (2017). Cognitive engagement mediates the relationship between positive life events and positive emotionality. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1861, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01861
Strobel, A., Behnke, A., Gärtner, A., Strobel, A. (2019). The interplay of intelligence and need for cognition in predicting school grades: A retrospective study. Personality and Individual Differences, 144, 147–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.041
Strobel, A., Farkas, A., Hoyer J., Melicherova, U., Köllner, V., Strobel, A. (2021). Cognitive motivation as a resource for affective adjustment and mental health. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.581681
Strobel, A., Grass, J., Pohling, R., Strobel, A. (2017). Need for cognition as a moral capacity. Personality and Individual Differences, 117, 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.023
Śmieja, M. (2018). W związku z inteligencją emocjonalną. Rola inteligencji emocjonalnej w relacjach społecznych i związkach intymnych. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.
von Stumm, S., Ackerman, P.L. (2013). Investment and intellect: A review and metaanalysis. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 841–869. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030746
Woo, S.E., Harms, P.D., & Kuncel, N.R. (2007). Integrating personality and intelligence: Typical intellectual engagement and need for cognition. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(6), 1635-1639.
Yazdani, N., Siedlecki, K.L. (2021). Mediators of the relationship between cognition and subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(7), 3091-3109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-021-00357-6
Żmuda, A., Sękowski, A., Szymczak, I. (2021). Potrzeba poznania a inteligencja emocjonalna u osób z wysokimi osiągnięciami edukacyjnymi. Przegląd Psychologiczny, 64(3), 67–80. https://doi.org/10.31648/pp.7331
Żmuda, A., Sękowski A.E. (2021a). Mediacyjna rola inteligencji emocjonalnej w związkach temperamentu z potrzebą poznania u osób z wysokimi osiągnięciami akademickimi. Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 26(2), 123-140. https://doi.org/10.34767/PFP.2021.02.01
Żmuda, A., Sękowski, A.E. (2021b). Retrospektywnie spostrzegane postawy rodzicielskie a potrzeba poznania u osób z wysokimi osiągnięciami akademickimi. Psychologia Wychowawcza, 61(19), 7-18. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9039