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Abstrakt
The aim of this article is to provide a detailed description of patients' lives after implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). First, the basic function and mechanism of the device as well as the types of experienced shocks, including phantom shocks, are described. Then, the three most important dilemmas faced by patients are discussed: ICD implantation, battery replacement and device deactivation. Subsequently, the scientific literature on psychopathological symptoms in patients is reviewed. The latest results of research on anxiety and depression in patients with ICD are presented, and the relationship between anxiety and depression and experienced shocks is discussed in detail. The results of a few studies on the occurrence of stress and post-traumatic stress disorder in patients are also presented. In addition, the focus was on the perception of the implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator as a traumatic event. The aim of this article was also to discuss the quality of life of patients with a cardioverter defibrillator. The results of studies that indicate a deterioration, improvement or maintenance of the level of quality of life of patients comparable to those of healthy people are presented. In addition, a specific, important from the perspective of people with ICD aspect of the quality of life, which is the health-related quality of life, was discussed. The results of research in this area are also not unambiguous. In addition, predictors of health-related quality of life were indicated. The article also addresses the issue of changing the identity of patients after implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator. The results of research conducted in this field, which were most often of a qualitative nature, were discussed. In the discussion on the identity of people with ICD, changes in self-image were emphasized, but this issue was not a frequent subject of psychological research. Finally, the challenges faced by partners of patients with an implanted cardioverter defibrillator were characterized. Also in this area, most of the research was qualitative, and the data come from interviews with relatives of cardiac patients.
Bibliografia
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