Keywords
offspring
epigenetics
How to Cite
Abstract
Human health is determined by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In addition to diseases caused by gene mutations or chromosomal aberrations, more and more attention is currently being paid to gene expression disorders, i.e. epigenetic modifications. The key moments of epigenetic programming are the period of gametogenesis and the preimplantation period of embryo development. Epigenetic disorders are not only the cause of offspring diseases but can also be inherited in next generations. The paper discusses selected situations in which disorders of epigenetic mechanisms during the preconceptive period and during pregnancy may have an adverse effect on the reproductive health of offspring: maternal obesity, malnutrition and hyperandrogenism, intrauterine hypotrophy, exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and epigenetic modifications of spermatozoa and the impact of in vitro fertilization techniques on epigenetic programming
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