Abstrakt
Wstęp: Funkcjonowanie par we współczesnym świecie wiąże się z doświadczaniem narastającej liczby stresujących czynników zewnętrznych, takich jak obowiązki zawodowe, choroby członków rodziny czy globalne kryzysy. Stresory te mają negatywny wpływ na jakość relacji romantycznych, prowadząc do obniżenia satysfakcji i zwiększenia konfliktów w relacji romantycznej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie zmodyfikowanego modelu adaptacji diady w obliczu stresujących czynników zewnętrznych, integrującego dyferencjację Ja oraz uważność relacyjną. Model oparty jest na teorii systemowej rodzin, teorii kształtowania przez uważność procesów zachodzących w relacji romantycznej oraz jej rezultatów, a jego ramy stanowią założenia Modelu Podatność-Stres-Adaptacja (VSA Model). Metoda: Przeprowadzono systematyczny przegląd literatury z ostatnich pięciu lat (od 2020 roku), analizując badania ilościowe i jakościowe dotyczące dyferencjacji Ja, uważności relacyjnej i ich korelacji z jakością związku romantycznego, satysfakcją z relacji romantycznej oraz radzeniem sobie przez pary ze stresem i adaptacją w obliczu stresujących czynników zewnętrznych. W przeglądzie wykorzystano bazy danych takie jak: JSTOR, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus Springer Link, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library. Wyniki: Przegląd literatury wskazuje na to, że wysoki poziom dyferencjacji Ja może pozytywnie przekładać się na jakość relacji romantycznych i zwiększać zdolność par do radzenia sobie z zewnętrznymi stresorami. Uważność relacyjna może być lepszym predyktorem jakości związku od uważności dyspozycyjnej, jednak jej związki z radzeniem sobie przez pary ze stresem wymagają dalszych badań. Zaproponowano zmodyfikowany teoretyczny model adaptacji diady w obliczu stresujących czynników zewnętrznych, który uwzględnia zmienne psychologiczne, jakimi są dyferencjacja Ja i uważność relacyjna. Wynikiem adaptacji w modelu są wysoki poziom jakości i stabilności związku romantycznego. Wnioski: Empiryczna weryfikacja założeń zaproponowanego modelu oraz badania longitudinalne, mogą przyczynić się do tworzenia skutecznych programów terapeutycznych wspierających pary w radzeniu sobie ze stresem, co mogłoby przekładać się na budowanie stabilnych i satysfakcjonujących relacji.
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