Typology of people in middle and late adulthood based on the profile of coping with everyday life events
pdf (English)

Słowa kluczowe

proaktywne radzenie sobie
mądrość
prężność
średnia dorosłość
późna dorosłość

Jak cytować

Falewicz, A., & Steuden, S. (2021). Typology of people in middle and late adulthood based on the profile of coping with everyday life events. Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides Et Ratio, 48(4), 404-426. https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v48i4.989
Język / Language
Słowa kluczowe

Abstrakt

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to construct a typology of the proactive coping profiles of individuals in middle and late adulthood. The conceptual layer refers to the theory of proactive coping as defined by Ralf Schwarzer and Steffen Taubert. It means such an approach to everyday life in which problems are treated as a challenge rather than as a great unknown that limits to only reactive responses to emerging difficulties. An attempt was also made to compare the obtained subtypes in terms of wisdom and resilience. According to Ardelt's research, wisdom, understood as a composite of cognitive, reflective, and emotional components, may be a resource characterizing adults who use mature coping strategies, particularly proactive coping. Building resilience in people helps to prevent stress, hence it can be considered as a resource important in proactive coping. Method. A group of 166 people in middle (N=80) and late adulthood (N=86) was surveyed. The Proactive Coping Inventory (Polish Adaptation) by Sęk, Pasikowski, Taubert, Greenglass and Schwarzer, Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS) by Ardelt, adapted by Steuden, Brudek and Izdebski and Resilience Measurement Scale (SPP-25) by Oginska-Bulik and Juczynski were used in the study. Results. Four coping types were obtained: runaway, proactive, autonomous and support-seekers. Individuals belonging to particular profiles of coping differed significantly in the level of wisdom and resilience. Conclusions.The study showed that in a group of people in middle and late adulthood it is possible to distinguish consistent profiles of using coping strategies, which differ in the degree of proactivity. Additionally, wisdom and resilience were shown to characterize individuals with a more proactive, goal-oriented structure of coping strategies.

https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v48i4.989
pdf (English)

Bibliografia

Aldwin, C.M., & Levenson, M.R. (2019). The practical applications of self-transcendent wisdom, (in:) R. Sternberg, H.C. Nusbaum, & J. Glück (eds.), Applying wisdom to contemporary world problems, 293–307, New York: Springer Nature.

Aldwin, C.M., Choun, S., Lee, H., Brockmann, A., Spiro A. III (2019). Patterns of coping trajectories: Longitudinal Findings from the VA Normative Aging Study. Paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Psychological Association, Chicago.

Aldwin, C.M., Choun, S., Spiro, A. III (2017). Does coping change with age? Longitudinal findings from the VA Normative Aging Study. Poster presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C.

Aldwin, C.M., Igarashi, H., Levenson, M.R. (2019). Wisdom as self-transcendence, (in:)

R.J. Sternberg, & J. Glück (eds.), The Cambridge handbook of wisdom, 122–143, New York: Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108568272.007.

Aldwin, C.M., Yancura, L., Lee, H. (2021). Chapter 17–Stress, coping, and aging, (in:)

K.W. Schaie, S.L. Willis (eds.), Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, 275–286, Cambridge: Academic Press.

Ardelt, M. (2003). Empirical assessment of a three-dimensional wisdom scale, Research on Aging, 25(3), 275–324, https://doi.org/10.1177/01640275030250030.

Ardelt, M. (2005). How Wise People Cope with Crises and Obstacles in Life, Revision: A Journal of Consciousness and Transformation, 28, 7–19, https://doi.org/10.3200/REVN.28.1.7-19.

Ardelt, M. (2016). Disentangling the relations between wisdom and different types of well- being in old age: Findings from a short-term longitudinal study, Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 17(5), 1963–1984, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9680-2.

Ardelt, M., Jeste, D.V. (2018). Wisdom and Hard Times: The Ameliorating Effect of Wisdom on the Negative Association Between Adverse Life Events and Well-Being, The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 73 (8), 1374– 1383, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbw137.

Ardelt, M., Pridgen, S., & Nutter-Pridgen, K.L. (2018). The relation between age and three- dimensional wisdom: Variations by wisdom dimensions and education, The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 73 (8), 1339–1349, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx182.

Aspinwall, L.G., Taylor, S.E. (1997). A stitch in time: Self-regulation and proactive coping,

Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 417–436, https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.417.

Baltes, P.B., Lindenberger, U., Staudinger, U.M. (2006). Life Span Theory in Developmental Psychology (in:) R.M. Lerner & W. Damon (eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development, (569–664), New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Beehr, T.A., McGrath, J.E. (1996). The methodology of research on coping: Conceptual, strategic, and operational-level issues, (in:) M. Zeidner, N.S. Endler (eds.), Handbook of coping–theory, research, applications, 5–82, New York: Wiley.

Berg, C.A., & Upchurch, R. (2007). A developmental-contextual model of couples coping with chronic illness across the adult life span, Psychological Bulletin, 133 (6), 920–954, https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.6.920.

Bernat, A., Krzyszkowska, M. (2017). Znaczenie i sposoby wykorzystania psychospołecznych zasobów zaradczych w ujęciu S.E. Hobfolla. Studia Paradyskie, 27, 255-278.

Birditt, K.S., Fingerman, K.L. (2005). Do we get better at picking our battles? Age group differences in descriptions of behavioral reactions to interpersonal tensions, The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60, 121–128, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/60.3.P121.

Blanco-Molina, M., Pinazo-Hernandis, S., Montoro-Rodriguez, J., & Tomas, J.M. (2021). Testing a Proactive Model of Successful Aging Among Older Adults in Costa Rica and Spain, The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 93 (1), 619–635, https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415020974621.

Brennan, P.L., Holland, J.M., Schutte, K.K., & Moos, R.H. (2012). Coping trajectories in later life: A 20-year predictive study, Aging & Mental Health, 16 (3), 305–316, https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2011.628975.

Brzezińska, M. (2011). Proaktywna starość. Strategie radzenia sobie ze stresem w okresie późnej dorosłości. Warszawa: Difin.

Campbell-Sills, L., Cohan, S.L., Stein, M.B. (2006). Relationship of resilience to personality, coping, and psychiatric symptoms in young adults, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 585–599, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.05.001.

Chanduszko-Salska, J., Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2011). Prężność a ryzyko uzależnienia od jedzenia, (in:) L. Golińska, E. Bielawska–Batorowicz (eds.), Rodzina i praca w warunkach kryzysu, 399–410, Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.

Charles, S.T., Carstensen, L.L., & McFall, R.M. (2001). Problem-solving in the nursing home environment: Age and experience differences in emotional reactions and responses, Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 7, 319–330, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011352326374.

Chen, Y., Peng, Y., Xu, H., & O’Brien, W.H. (2018). Age Differences in Stress and Coping: Problem-Focused Strategies Mediate the Relationship Between Age and Positive Affect, International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 86 (4), 347–363, https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415017720890.

Choowattanapakorn, T., Alex, L., Lundman, B., Norberg, A., Nygren, B. (2010). Resilience among women and men aged 60 years and over in Sweden and in Thailand, Nursing & Health Sciences, 12, 329–335, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2010.00534.x.

Chwaszcz, J., Bartczuk, R.P., Niewiadomska, I., Hobfoll, S.E., & Palacz-Chrisidis, A. (2020). The Polish Adaptation of the Strategic Approach to Coping Scale, Annals of Psychology, 23(1), 23–43, https://doi.org/10.18290/rpsych20231-2.

Clayton, V.P., Birren, J.E. (1980). The development of wisdom across the life-span: A re- examination of an ancient topic, (in:) P.B. Baltes and O.G. Brim, Jr. (eds.), Life-span development and behaviour, 103–135, New York: Academic Press.

Diehl, M., Chui, H., Hay, E.L., Lumley, M.A., Grühn, D., Labouvie-Vief, G. (2014). Change in coping and defense mechanisms across adulthood: Longitudinal findings in a European American sample, Developmental Psychology, 50 (2), 634–648, https://doi.org/doi:10.1037/a0033619.

Drwal R. (1995). Adaptacja kwestionariuszy osobowości: wybrane zagadnienia i techniki, Warszawa: PWN.

Felcyn-Koczewska, M., Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2011). Rola prężności w rozwoju potraumatycznym osób w żałobie (in:) L. Golińska, E. Bielawska-Batorowicz (eds.), Rodzina i praca w warunkach kryzysu, 511–524, Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.

Fontes, A.P., Neri, A.L. (2015). Resilience in aging: literature review, Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 20(5), 1475–1495, https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015205.00502014.

Fritzson, A., Lieberman, M., & Tugade, M.M. (2017). Assessment of mood: Examining links between emotions and health, (in:) C. Llewellyn et al. (eds.), Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health, and Medicine, New York: Cambridge University Press.

Galiana, L., Tomás, J.M., Fernández, I., & Oliver, A. (2020). Predicting Well-Being Among the Elderly: The Role of Coping Strategies, Frontiers in Psychology, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00616.

Gamrowska, A., Gałkowska-Bachanek, M. (2014). Aktywność zaradcza a postawy wobec własnej starości, [Active coping attitudes toward aging in the elderly], Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 19 (4), 505–521, https://doi.org/10.14656/PFP20140406.

Gamrowska, A., Steuden, S. (2014). Coping with the events of daily life and quality of life of the socially active elderly, Health Psychology Report, 2(2) 123–131, https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2014.43919.

Greenglass, E. (2002). Chapter 3. Proactive coping, (in:) E. Frydenberg (eds.), Beyond coping: Meeting goals, vision, and challenges, 37–62, London: Oxford University Press.

Greenglass, E.R., Fiksenbaum, L. (2009). Proactive coping, positive affect, and well-being: testing for mediation using path analysis, European Psychologist, 14(1), 29–39, https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.14.1.29.

Greenglass, E., Schwarzer, R., Jakubiec, S. D., Fiksenbaum L., Taubert, S. (2014). The Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI): a multidimensional research instrument. Paper presented at the 20th International Conference of the STAR (Stress and Anxiety Research Society) Cracow, Poland, July 12–14.

Gulbrandsen, C. (2016). Measuring older women’s resilience: Evaluating the suitability of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the Resilience Scale, Journal of Women & Aging, 28(3), 225–237, https://doi.org/10.1080/08952841.2014.951200.

Hamarat, E., Thompson, D., Steele, D., Matheny, K., Simons, C. (2002) Age Differences in Coping Resources and Satisfaction With Life Among Middle-Aged, Young-Old, and Oldest-Old Adults, The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 163(3), 360–367, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221320209598689.

Jeste, D.V., Savla, G.N., Thompson, W.K., Vahia, I.V., Glorioso, D.K., Martin, A.S., Palmer, B.W., Rock, D., Golshan, S., Kraemer, H.C., & Depp, C.A. (2013). Association between older age and more successful aging: critical role of resilience and depression, The American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(2), 188–196, https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12030386.

Lantrip, C.M., Huang, J.H. (2017). Cognitive Control of Emotion in Older Adults: A Review,

Clinical Psychiatry, 3(1), 1–10, https://doi.org/10.21767/2471-9854.100040.

Li, W.W., & Miller, D.J. (2017). The impact of coping and resilience on anxiety among older Australians, Australian Journal of Psychology, 69, 263–272, https://doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12152.

MacLeod, S., Musich, S., Hawkins, K., Alsgaard, K., Wicker, E.R. (2016). The impact of resilience among older adults, Geriatric Nursing, 37(4), 266–272, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2016.02.014.

Morano, C. (2010). Resilience and Coping with Trauma: Does Gender make a Difference?

Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 20, 553–368, https://doi.org/10.1080/10911350903275358.

Neubauer, A.B., Smyth, J.M., Sliwinski, M.J. (2019). Age Differences in Proactive Coping With Minor Hassles in Daily Life, The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 74(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby061.

Noone, P. (2017). The Holmes–Rahe Stress Inventory, Occupational Medicine, 67 (7), 581–582, https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqx099.

Oberhauser, L., Neubauer, A.B., & Kessler, E.-M. (2017). Conflict avoidance in old age: The role of anticipated loneliness, GeroPsych: The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 30(2), 61–70, https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000168.

Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2009). Osobowość typu D. Teoria i badania, Łódź: Wydawnictwo WSHE.

Ogińska-Bulik, N. (2011). Rola prężności w zapobieganiu negatywnym skutkom stresu zawodowego. (in:) L. Golińska, E. Bielawska–Batorowicz (eds.), Rodzina i praca w warunkach kryzysu, 485–498, Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.

Ogińska-Bulik, N., Juczyński, Z. (2008). Skala Pomiaru Prężności (SPP-25), Nowiny Psychologiczne, 3, 39–56.

Ogińska-Bulik, N., Juczyński, Z. (2011). Prężność u dzieci i młodzieży: charakterystyka i pomiar – Polska Skala SPP-18, Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 16 (1), 7–28.

Ouwehand, C., de Ridder, D.T.D., & Bensing, J.M. (2008). Individual differences in the use of proactive coping strategies by middle-aged and older adults, Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 28–33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.02.013.

Pasikowski, T., Sęk, H., Greenglass, E., Taubert, S. (2002). The proactive coping inventory – Polish adaptation, Polish Psychological Buletin, 33, 41–46.

Reuter, T., Schwarzer, R. (2015). Manage Stress at Work through Preventive and Proactive Coping, (in:) E.A. Locke (ed.), Handbook of Principles of Organizational Behavior, 499– 515, New York: John Wiley & Sons, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119206422.ch27.

Ribeiro, M. dos S., Borges, M. da S., Araújo, T.C.C.F. de, & Souza, M.C. dos S. (2017). Coping strategies used by the elderly regarding aging and death: an integrative review, Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 20 (6), 869–877, https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562017020.170083.

Schwarzer, R. (2000). Manage stress at work through preventive and proactive coping. (in:) E.A. Locke (eds.), The Blackwell handbook of principles of organizational behaviour, 342– 355, Oxford: Blackwell.

Schwarzer, R., Taubert, S. (2002). Tenacious goal pursuits and striving toward personal growth: Proactive coping. (in:) E. Frydenberg (ed.), Beyond coping: Meeting goals, visions and challenges, 19–35, London: Oxford University Press, https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198508144.003.0002.

Sęk, H., Pasikowski, T. Taubert, S., Greenglass, E., Schwarzer, R. (2002). Kwestionariusz Reakcji na Codzienne Wydarzenia [The Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI): Polish Version], from: http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~health/pol_pci.htm, (access: 05.09.2021).

Steuden, S. (2017). Psychologia starzenia się i starości, Warszawa: PWN.

Steuden, S., Brudek, P., Izdebski, P. (2016). Polish Adaptation of Monika Ardelt’s Three- Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS), Annals of Psychology, 4(19), 767–789, https://doi.org/10.18290/RPSYCH.2016.19.4-4EN.

Straud, C., McNaughton-Cassill, M., & Fuhrman, R. (2015). The role of the Five Factor Model of personality with proactive coping and preventive coping among college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 60– 64,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.055.

Thomas, M.L., Bangen, K.J., Ardelt, M., Jeste, D.V. (2017). Development of a 12-item abbreviated Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS-12): Item selection and psychometric properties, Assessment, 24, 71–82.

Tovel, H., & Carmel, S. (2014). Maintaining successful aging: The role of coping patterns and resources, Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well- Being, 15 (2), 255–270, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9420-4.

Tugade, M.M., Devlin, H.C., & Fredrickson, B.L. (2014). Infusing positive emotions into life: The broaden-and- build theory and a dual-process model of resilience, (in:) M.M. Tugade, M.N. Shiota, & L.D. Kirby (eds.), Handbook of Positive Emotions, New York: Guilford Press.

Vitorino, L.M., Low, G., & Vianna, L.A.C. (2016). Linking Spiritual and Religious Coping With the Quality of Life of Community-Dwelling Older Adults and Nursing Home Residents, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 2, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721416658140.

Wu, Y., Yu, W., Wu, X., Wan, H., Wang, Y., & Lu, G. (2020). Psychological resilience and positive coping styles among Chinese undergraduate students: a cross-sectional study, BMC Psychology, 8 (1), 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00444-y.

Yang, S.-Y. (2008). A process view of wisdom, Journal of Adult Development, 15 (2), 62–75, http://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-008-9037-8.

Zapater-Fajarí, M., Crespo-Sanmiguel, I., Pulopulos, M., Hidalgo, V., Salvador, A. (2021). Resilience and Psychobiological Response to Stress in Older People: The Mediating Role of Coping Strategies, Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 13, http://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.632141.

Zhou, G., Gan, Y., Knoll, N., & Schwarzer, R. (2013). Proactive coping moderates the dietary intention–planning–behavior path, Appetite, 70, 127–133, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.06.097.

##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##

##plugins.generic.usageStats.noStats##