How to Cite
Hamer, K., McFarland, S., Łużniak-Piecha, M., & Golińska, A. (2018). Multiple social identifications and their relation to life satisfaction, physical well-being and feeling of discrimination in the cross-cultural context. Quarterly Journal Fides Et Ratio, 32(4), 396-419. Retrieved from https://fidesetratio.com.pl/ojs/index.php/FetR/article/view/646
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Abstract
. Some differences in patterns of results due to cultural context in Many studies have shown a positive link between multiple social identities and well-being. However, these studies have usually examined few selected identities in this context. We examine many more social identities, expecting positive relationships between the number of social identities and well-being. Moreover, we explore the number of social identities in relation to perceived discrimination in the context of Rejection-Identification Model. RIM has been tested mostly on identification with the specific discriminated group, while we argue that identifying additionally with other groups may also be beneficial for a discriminated individual’s well-being. We explore these issues with data on 226 students from four different countries: Poland, the U.S. Mexico and the UK. The results show that the identity selection method brought higher mean number of meaningful social identifications reported by participants than open-ended questions in previous studies. Our study confirmed that having more meaningful identities is connected to higher satisfaction with life. Moreover, perceived discrimination, which is connected to lower satisfaction with life and lower physical well-being, is also correlated with having more meaningful social identities. It suggests that not only identifying with the discriminated group but having many meaningful social identifications potentially serves as a buffer from the harmful effects of perceived discrimination. However, occasionally feelings of discrimination are connected to lower social identifications, suggesting the mechanism of self-distancing from rejecting four countries were also observed.
References
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Brislin, R.W. (1970). Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1, 185-216, DOI: 10.1177/135910457000100301
Brook, A. T., Garcia, J., & Fleming, M. A. (2008). The effects of multiple identities on psychological well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(12), 1588-1600.
Cruwys, T., Haslam, S. A., Dingle, G. A., Haslam, C., & Jetten, J. (2014). Depression and social identity: An integrative review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 18(3), 215-238.
Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
Drury, J. (2012). Collective resilience in mass emergencies and disasters. The social cure: Identity, health and well-being, 195-216.
Garstka, T. A., Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., & Hummert, M. L. (2004). How young and older adults differ in their responses to perceived age discrimination. Psychology and Aging, 19, 326-335.
Giamo, L. S., Schmitt, M. T., & Outten, R. H. (2012). Perceived discrimination, group identification, and life satisfaction among multiracial people: A test of the rejection-identification model. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 18(4), 319.
Greenaway, K. H., Cruwys, T., Haslam, S. A., & Jetten, J. (2016). Social identities promote well‐being because they satisfy global psychological needs. European Journal of Social Psychology, 46(3), 294-307.
Grob, A. (1995). Subjective well-being and significant life-events across life span. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 54(1), 3-18.
Hamer, K., Jułkowski, T., Cadena, L.M. Golińska, A., Łużniak-Piecha, M., Czarnecka, B., McFarland, S. (under review). What is ‘ethnic group’ in ordinary people’s eyes? Different ways of understanding it among American, British, Mexican and Polish respondents. Cross-Cultural Research.
Hamer, K., McFarland, S. Łużniak-Piecha, M., Golińska, A (2016). Satisfaction with life,
feelings of discrimination, and their connection to social identifications. Paper presented at the 39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology (ISPP), Warsaw, Poland.
Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., & Haslam, S. A. (2014). “The we's have it”: Evidence for the distinctive benefits of group engagement in enhancing cognitive health in aging. Social Science & Medicine, 120, 57-66.
Haslam, C., Holme, A., Haslam, S. A., Iyer, A., Jetten, J., & Williams, W. H. (2008). Maintaining group memberships: Social identity continuity predicts well-being after stroke. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 18(5-6), 671-691.
Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D., & Levine, M. (2012). When other people are heaven, when other people are hell: How social identity determines the nature and impact of social support. The social cure: Identity, health and well-being, 157-174.
Iyer, A., Jetten, J., Tsivrikos, D., Postmes, T., & Haslam, S. A. (2009). The more (and the more compatible) the merrier: Multiple group memberships and identity compatibility as predictors of adjustment after life transitions. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48(4), 707-733.
Jasinskaja‐Lahti, I., Liebkind, K., & Solheim, E. (2009). To identify or not to identify? National disidentification as an alternative reaction to perceived ethnic discrimination. Applied Psychology, 58(1), 105-128.
Jetten, J., Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Spears, R. (2001). Rebels with a cause: Group identification as a response to perceived discrimination from the mainstream. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(9), 1204-1213.
Jetten, J., Haslam, C., & Haslam, A.S. (Eds.). (2012). The social cure: Identity, health and well-being. Psychology Press.
Jones, J. M., & Jetten, J. (2011). Recovering from strain and enduring pain: Multiple group memberships promote resilience in the face of physical challenges. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(3), 239-244.
Koch, E. J., & Shepperd, J. A. (2004). Is Self‐Complexity Linked to Better Coping? A Review of the Literature. Journal of Personality, 72(4), 727-760.
Latrofa, M., Vaes, J., Pastore, M., & Cadinu, M. (2009). “United We Stand, Divided We Fall”! The Protective Function of Self‐Stereotyping for Stigmatised Members’ Psychological Well‐Being. Applied Psychology, 58(1), 84-104.
Miller, K., Wakefield, J. R., & Sani, F. (2016). Greater number of group identifications is associated with healthier behaviour in adolescents. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 34(2), 291-305.
Molina, L. E., Phillips, N. L., & Sidanius, J. (2015). National and ethnic identity in the face of discrimination: Ethnic minority and majority perspectives. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 21(2), 225.
Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 3-72. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3.
Ramos, M. R., Cassidy, C., Reicher, S., & Haslam, S. A. (2012). A longitudinal investigation of the rejection–identification hypothesis. British Journal of Social Psychology, 51(4), 642-660.
Rubin, M., Milanov, M., & Paolini, S. (2016). Uncovering the diverse cultural bases of social identity: Ingroup ties predict self‐stereotyping among individualists but not among collectivists. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 19(3), 225-234.
Sani, F. (2012). Group identification, social relationships, and health. The social cure: Identity, health and well-being, 21-37.
Scarf, D., Moradi, S., McGaw, K., Hewitt, J., Hayhurst, J. G., Boyes, M., ... & Hunter, J. A. (2016). Somewhere I belong: Long‐term increases in adolescents’ resilience are predicted by perceived belonging to the in‐group. British Journal of Social Psychology, 55(3), 588-599.
Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., Kobrynowicz, D., & Owen, S. (2002). Perceiving discrimination against one’s gender group has different implications for well-being in women and men. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(2), 197-210.
Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., Postmes, T., & Garcia, A. (2014). The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: a meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 921.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of inter group behavior. In S Worchel & WG Austin (Eds). Psychology of intergroup relations. Chicago: Nelson.
Zdrenka, M., Yogeeswaran, K., Stronge, S., & Sibley, C. G. (2015). Ethnic and national attachment as predictors of wellbeing among New Zealand Europeans, Māori, Asians, and Pacific Nations peoples. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 49, 114-120.
Brislin, R.W. (1970). Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1, 185-216, DOI: 10.1177/135910457000100301
Brook, A. T., Garcia, J., & Fleming, M. A. (2008). The effects of multiple identities on psychological well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(12), 1588-1600.
Cruwys, T., Haslam, S. A., Dingle, G. A., Haslam, C., & Jetten, J. (2014). Depression and social identity: An integrative review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 18(3), 215-238.
Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
Drury, J. (2012). Collective resilience in mass emergencies and disasters. The social cure: Identity, health and well-being, 195-216.
Garstka, T. A., Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., & Hummert, M. L. (2004). How young and older adults differ in their responses to perceived age discrimination. Psychology and Aging, 19, 326-335.
Giamo, L. S., Schmitt, M. T., & Outten, R. H. (2012). Perceived discrimination, group identification, and life satisfaction among multiracial people: A test of the rejection-identification model. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 18(4), 319.
Greenaway, K. H., Cruwys, T., Haslam, S. A., & Jetten, J. (2016). Social identities promote well‐being because they satisfy global psychological needs. European Journal of Social Psychology, 46(3), 294-307.
Grob, A. (1995). Subjective well-being and significant life-events across life span. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 54(1), 3-18.
Hamer, K., Jułkowski, T., Cadena, L.M. Golińska, A., Łużniak-Piecha, M., Czarnecka, B., McFarland, S. (under review). What is ‘ethnic group’ in ordinary people’s eyes? Different ways of understanding it among American, British, Mexican and Polish respondents. Cross-Cultural Research.
Hamer, K., McFarland, S. Łużniak-Piecha, M., Golińska, A (2016). Satisfaction with life,
feelings of discrimination, and their connection to social identifications. Paper presented at the 39th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology (ISPP), Warsaw, Poland.
Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., & Haslam, S. A. (2014). “The we's have it”: Evidence for the distinctive benefits of group engagement in enhancing cognitive health in aging. Social Science & Medicine, 120, 57-66.
Haslam, C., Holme, A., Haslam, S. A., Iyer, A., Jetten, J., & Williams, W. H. (2008). Maintaining group memberships: Social identity continuity predicts well-being after stroke. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 18(5-6), 671-691.
Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D., & Levine, M. (2012). When other people are heaven, when other people are hell: How social identity determines the nature and impact of social support. The social cure: Identity, health and well-being, 157-174.
Iyer, A., Jetten, J., Tsivrikos, D., Postmes, T., & Haslam, S. A. (2009). The more (and the more compatible) the merrier: Multiple group memberships and identity compatibility as predictors of adjustment after life transitions. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48(4), 707-733.
Jasinskaja‐Lahti, I., Liebkind, K., & Solheim, E. (2009). To identify or not to identify? National disidentification as an alternative reaction to perceived ethnic discrimination. Applied Psychology, 58(1), 105-128.
Jetten, J., Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Spears, R. (2001). Rebels with a cause: Group identification as a response to perceived discrimination from the mainstream. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(9), 1204-1213.
Jetten, J., Haslam, C., & Haslam, A.S. (Eds.). (2012). The social cure: Identity, health and well-being. Psychology Press.
Jones, J. M., & Jetten, J. (2011). Recovering from strain and enduring pain: Multiple group memberships promote resilience in the face of physical challenges. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(3), 239-244.
Koch, E. J., & Shepperd, J. A. (2004). Is Self‐Complexity Linked to Better Coping? A Review of the Literature. Journal of Personality, 72(4), 727-760.
Latrofa, M., Vaes, J., Pastore, M., & Cadinu, M. (2009). “United We Stand, Divided We Fall”! The Protective Function of Self‐Stereotyping for Stigmatised Members’ Psychological Well‐Being. Applied Psychology, 58(1), 84-104.
Miller, K., Wakefield, J. R., & Sani, F. (2016). Greater number of group identifications is associated with healthier behaviour in adolescents. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 34(2), 291-305.
Molina, L. E., Phillips, N. L., & Sidanius, J. (2015). National and ethnic identity in the face of discrimination: Ethnic minority and majority perspectives. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 21(2), 225.
Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 3-72. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3.
Ramos, M. R., Cassidy, C., Reicher, S., & Haslam, S. A. (2012). A longitudinal investigation of the rejection–identification hypothesis. British Journal of Social Psychology, 51(4), 642-660.
Rubin, M., Milanov, M., & Paolini, S. (2016). Uncovering the diverse cultural bases of social identity: Ingroup ties predict self‐stereotyping among individualists but not among collectivists. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 19(3), 225-234.
Sani, F. (2012). Group identification, social relationships, and health. The social cure: Identity, health and well-being, 21-37.
Scarf, D., Moradi, S., McGaw, K., Hewitt, J., Hayhurst, J. G., Boyes, M., ... & Hunter, J. A. (2016). Somewhere I belong: Long‐term increases in adolescents’ resilience are predicted by perceived belonging to the in‐group. British Journal of Social Psychology, 55(3), 588-599.
Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., Kobrynowicz, D., & Owen, S. (2002). Perceiving discrimination against one’s gender group has different implications for well-being in women and men. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(2), 197-210.
Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., Postmes, T., & Garcia, A. (2014). The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: a meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 921.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of inter group behavior. In S Worchel & WG Austin (Eds). Psychology of intergroup relations. Chicago: Nelson.
Zdrenka, M., Yogeeswaran, K., Stronge, S., & Sibley, C. G. (2015). Ethnic and national attachment as predictors of wellbeing among New Zealand Europeans, Māori, Asians, and Pacific Nations peoples. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 49, 114-120.
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