How to Cite
Jastrzębska, J. (2016). Forgiveness and reconciliation in therapy . Quarterly Journal Fides Et Ratio, 26(2), 128-138. Retrieved from https://fidesetratio.com.pl/ojs/index.php/FetR/article/view/758
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Abstract
Forgiveness and reconciliation as processes used in therapy can have a significant impact on improving relationships with other people and a better understanding of their own feelings, motives and actions. The use of these phenomena in therapy is still the object of research, most of which confirm its positive impact on the relationship between the person who forgives and the one which he forgives. In order to better understand this process, it is important to pay attention to various stages of forgiveness and reflect on the psychological issues. Forgiveness is a difficult process, which in the ordinary meaning can be associated negatively. For many people, the decision of forgiveness is associated with reliving their harm, which makes this process extremely hard for them. It turns out, however, that the confrontation with negative experiences can be beneficial, because it allows to reduce negative emotions, attitudes and behavior against the person, repair relations and change the way of thinking.
References
Baskin, T. W., & Enright, R. D. (2004). Intervention studies on forgiveness: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling and Development: JCD, 82(1), 79.
Baumeister, R. F., Exline, J. J., & Sommer, K. L. (1998). The victim role, grudge theory, and two dimensions of forgiveness. Dimensions of forgiveness: Psychological research and theological perspectives, 79-104.
Blumel, S. R. (1992). Explaining Marital Success and Failure. Chapter 1 in: Stephen J. Bahr (Hg.): Family Research. A Sixty-Year Review, 1930–1990.
Coleman, P. W. (1998). The process of forgiveness in marriage and the family.Exploring forgiveness, 75-94.
Cordova, J. V., & Scott, R. L. (2001). Intimacy: A behavioral interpretation. The Behavior Analyst, 24(1), 75.
Cordova, J., Cautilli, J., Simon, C., & Sabag, R. A. (2006). Behavior analysis of forgiveness in couples therapy. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 2(2), 192.
Enright, R. D. (1996). Counseling within the forgiveness triad: On forgiving, receiving forgiveness, and self‐forgiveness. Counseling and values, 40(2), 107-126.
Enright, R. D., Freedman, S., & Rique, J. (1998). The psychology of interpersonal forgiveness. Exploring forgiveness, 46-62.
Fenell, D. L. (1993). Characteristics of long-term first marriages. Journal of Mental Health Counseling.
Fincham, F. D. (2000). The kiss of the porcupines: From attributing responsibility to forgiving. Personal Relationships, 7(1), 1-23.
Fincham, F. D., & Beach, S. R. (1999). Conflict in marriage: Implications for working with couples. Annual review of psychology, 50(1), 47-77.
Fincham, F. D., Beach, S. R., & Davila, J. (2004). Forgiveness and conflict resolution in marriage. Journal of Family Psychology, 18(1), 72.
Fincham, F. D., Hall, J., & Beach, S. R. (2006). Forgiveness in marriage: Current status and future directions. Family Relations, 55(4), 415-427.
Fincham, F. D., Jackson, H., & Beach, S. R. (2005). Transgression severity and forgiveness: Different moderators for objective and subjective severity.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(6), 860-875.
Fincham, F. D., Paleari, F., & Regalia, C. (2002). Forgiveness in marriage: The role of relationship quality, attributions, and empathy. Personal Relationships,9(1), 27-37.
Gordon, K. C., & Baucom, D. H. (1998). Understanding betrayals in marriage: A synthesized model of forgiveness. Family Process, 37(4), 425-449
Gordon, K. C., Baucom, D. H., & Snyder, D. K. (2004). An integrative intervention for promoting recovery from extramarital affairs. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 30(2), 213-231.
Hall, J.H., & Fincham, F. D. (2005). Self–forgiveness: The stepchild of forgiveness research. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(5), 621-637.
Harris, A.H., & Thoresen, C. E. (2005). Forgiveness, unforgiveness, health, and disease. Handbook of forgiveness, 321-334.
Karremans, J. C., Van Lange, P. A., Ouwerkerk, J. W., & Kluwer, E. S. (2003). When forgiving enhances psychological well-being: the role of interpersonal commitment. Journal of personality and social psychology, 84(5), 1011.
Kearns, J. N., & Fincham, F. D. (2004). A prototype analysis of forgiveness.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(7), 838-855 .
McCullough, M. E., & Root, L. M. (2005). Forgiveness as change. Handbook of forgiveness, 91-107.
Pargament, Kenneth I., Michael E. McCullough, and Carl E. Thoresen (2000). "The frontier of forgiveness." Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice, 299-319
Rusbult, C.E., Hannon, P.A., Stocker, S.L., & Finkel, E.J. (2005). Forgiveness and relational repair. Handbook of forgiveness, 185-205.
Rye, M.S., & Pargament, K.I. (2002). Forgiveness and romantic relationships in college: Can it heal the wounded heart?. Journal of Clinical Psychology,58(4), 419-441.
Stillweli, A.M., & Baumeister, R.F. (1997). The construction of victim and perpetrator memories: Accuracy and distortion in role-based accounts.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(11), 1157-1172.
Worthington Jr, E. L. (2005). More questions about forgiveness: Research agenda for 2005- 2015. Handbook of forgiveness, 557-73.
Worthington, E.L. (1994). Marriage counseling: A Christian approach. Journal of Psychology and Christianity.
Worthington, E.L., & DiBlasio, F. (1990). Promoting mutual forgiveness within the fractured relationship. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 27(2), 219.
Baumeister, R. F., Exline, J. J., & Sommer, K. L. (1998). The victim role, grudge theory, and two dimensions of forgiveness. Dimensions of forgiveness: Psychological research and theological perspectives, 79-104.
Blumel, S. R. (1992). Explaining Marital Success and Failure. Chapter 1 in: Stephen J. Bahr (Hg.): Family Research. A Sixty-Year Review, 1930–1990.
Coleman, P. W. (1998). The process of forgiveness in marriage and the family.Exploring forgiveness, 75-94.
Cordova, J. V., & Scott, R. L. (2001). Intimacy: A behavioral interpretation. The Behavior Analyst, 24(1), 75.
Cordova, J., Cautilli, J., Simon, C., & Sabag, R. A. (2006). Behavior analysis of forgiveness in couples therapy. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 2(2), 192.
Enright, R. D. (1996). Counseling within the forgiveness triad: On forgiving, receiving forgiveness, and self‐forgiveness. Counseling and values, 40(2), 107-126.
Enright, R. D., Freedman, S., & Rique, J. (1998). The psychology of interpersonal forgiveness. Exploring forgiveness, 46-62.
Fenell, D. L. (1993). Characteristics of long-term first marriages. Journal of Mental Health Counseling.
Fincham, F. D. (2000). The kiss of the porcupines: From attributing responsibility to forgiving. Personal Relationships, 7(1), 1-23.
Fincham, F. D., & Beach, S. R. (1999). Conflict in marriage: Implications for working with couples. Annual review of psychology, 50(1), 47-77.
Fincham, F. D., Beach, S. R., & Davila, J. (2004). Forgiveness and conflict resolution in marriage. Journal of Family Psychology, 18(1), 72.
Fincham, F. D., Hall, J., & Beach, S. R. (2006). Forgiveness in marriage: Current status and future directions. Family Relations, 55(4), 415-427.
Fincham, F. D., Jackson, H., & Beach, S. R. (2005). Transgression severity and forgiveness: Different moderators for objective and subjective severity.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(6), 860-875.
Fincham, F. D., Paleari, F., & Regalia, C. (2002). Forgiveness in marriage: The role of relationship quality, attributions, and empathy. Personal Relationships,9(1), 27-37.
Gordon, K. C., & Baucom, D. H. (1998). Understanding betrayals in marriage: A synthesized model of forgiveness. Family Process, 37(4), 425-449
Gordon, K. C., Baucom, D. H., & Snyder, D. K. (2004). An integrative intervention for promoting recovery from extramarital affairs. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 30(2), 213-231.
Hall, J.H., & Fincham, F. D. (2005). Self–forgiveness: The stepchild of forgiveness research. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(5), 621-637.
Harris, A.H., & Thoresen, C. E. (2005). Forgiveness, unforgiveness, health, and disease. Handbook of forgiveness, 321-334.
Karremans, J. C., Van Lange, P. A., Ouwerkerk, J. W., & Kluwer, E. S. (2003). When forgiving enhances psychological well-being: the role of interpersonal commitment. Journal of personality and social psychology, 84(5), 1011.
Kearns, J. N., & Fincham, F. D. (2004). A prototype analysis of forgiveness.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(7), 838-855 .
McCullough, M. E., & Root, L. M. (2005). Forgiveness as change. Handbook of forgiveness, 91-107.
Pargament, Kenneth I., Michael E. McCullough, and Carl E. Thoresen (2000). "The frontier of forgiveness." Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice, 299-319
Rusbult, C.E., Hannon, P.A., Stocker, S.L., & Finkel, E.J. (2005). Forgiveness and relational repair. Handbook of forgiveness, 185-205.
Rye, M.S., & Pargament, K.I. (2002). Forgiveness and romantic relationships in college: Can it heal the wounded heart?. Journal of Clinical Psychology,58(4), 419-441.
Stillweli, A.M., & Baumeister, R.F. (1997). The construction of victim and perpetrator memories: Accuracy and distortion in role-based accounts.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(11), 1157-1172.
Worthington Jr, E. L. (2005). More questions about forgiveness: Research agenda for 2005- 2015. Handbook of forgiveness, 557-73.
Worthington, E.L. (1994). Marriage counseling: A Christian approach. Journal of Psychology and Christianity.
Worthington, E.L., & DiBlasio, F. (1990). Promoting mutual forgiveness within the fractured relationship. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 27(2), 219.
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