Słowa kluczowe
C-PTSD,
depresja
zaburzenia osobowości
Jak cytować
Abstrakt
Teoria przywiązania dostarcza licznych implikacji dla zdrowia psychicznego oraz funkcjonowania jednostki na przestrzeni całego życia. Style przywiązania powstałe na bazie wczesnych interakcji z opiekunem odgrywają kluczową rolę w regulacji emocjonalnej, satysfakcji relacyjnej i dobrostanie psychicznym. Dziecięce doświadczenia stają się podstawą dla rozwoju wewnętrznego modelu siebie, świata i innych oraz wpływają na wzorce przywiązania w wieku dorosłym – mają istotne znaczenie na późniejszych relacji, zwłaszcza romantycznych, zdrowia psychicznego oraz rozwoju psychopatologii. Jeśli główny opiekun reaguje, konsekwentnie wspiera i pociesza dziecko, będzie ono chętnie z nim współpracować, szukać jego bliskości, aby być kochanym i bezpiecznym. Dziecko będzie charakteryzować bezpieczne przywiązane, a opiekun będzie postrzegany jako bezpieczna bazę oraz schronienie przed nieprzewidywalnym światem Osoby, które ukształtowały w dzieciństwie bezpieczny styl przywiązania tworzą stabilne i dojrzałe związki, są bardziej odporne psychicznie i rzadziej zmagają się z problemami psychicznymi. Jeśli jednak opiekun nie reaguje, wykazuje brak wrażliwości, może rozwinąć w dziecku niepewny rodzaj przywiązania, który polega na większym poziomie lęku lub unikania. Lęk związany z przywiązaniem wiąże się z utrzymującym się stanem wzmożonej czujności, ponieważ osoby pozostają w pogotowiu, przewidując potencjalną separację od rodziców. Unikanie przywiązania wiąże się z tendencją do zachowywania dystansu emocjonalnego, niechęcią do polegania na innych, szukania pocieszenia i wsparcia u opiekunów. Pozabezpieczny styl przywiązania negatywnie wpływa na związek romantyczny. Ponad to osoby charakteryzujące się lękiem lub unikaniem w przywiązaniu są bardziej narażone na zaburzenia natury psychicznej. Teoria przywiązania zapewnia kluczowe ramy dla zrozumienia skomplikowanych powiązań między wczesnymi doświadczeniami relacyjnymi a zdrowiem psychicznym. Słaba jakoś związku, C-PTSD, depresja, zaburzenia osobowości – zwłaszcza antyspołeczne i borderline mają swoje źródła we wczesnych nieadaptacyjnych relacjach między dzieckiem a opiekunem oraz mogą być związane z traumą interpersonalną. Bezpieczne przywiązanie działa jako czynnik ochronny przed psychopatologiami, promując stabilność emocjonalną i zdrowe funkcjonowanie społeczne.
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