Resentyment jako cichy destruktor relacji partnerskich: znaczenie stylów przywiązania i satysfakcji z życia w perspektywie stażu relacji
Quarterly Journal Fides et Ratio. Issue 65(1)2026 Love, Marriage and Family: An interdisciplinary approach
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Słowa kluczowe

resentyment
satysfakcja z życia
style przywiązania
związki partnerskie

Jak cytować

Karbowski, M. (2026). Resentyment jako cichy destruktor relacji partnerskich: znaczenie stylów przywiązania i satysfakcji z życia w perspektywie stażu relacji. Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides Et Ratio, 65(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.34766/2czv1t27

Abstrakt

Relacje partnerskie odgrywają kluczową rolę w funkcjonowaniu człowieka, stanowiąc istotne źródło wsparcia emocjonalnego, bezpieczeństwa oraz poczucia przynależności. Współczesne badania psychologiczne coraz częściej koncentrują się na czynnikach warunkujących jakość i trwałość związków, wśród których szczególne znaczenie przypisuje się stylom przywiązania a mniej zjawisku resentymentu. Style przywiązania, kształtujące się we wczesnych doświadczeniach relacyjnych, determinują sposoby regulacji bliskości, zaufania i zależności w relacjach partnerskich. Resentyment natomiast, rozumiany jako względnie trwała dyspozycja emocjonalno-poznawcza o charakterze ukrytym, może pełnić funkcję „cichego destruktora” relacji, wpływając na interpretację zachowania partnera, przeżywane emocje oraz subiektywną ocenę związku. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie zależności pomiędzy stylami przywiązania, poziomem resentymentu a satysfakcją z życia w relacjach o różnym stażu. Badaniem objęto 144 osoby (72 kobiety i 72 mężczyzn), pozostające w związkach partnerskich, z wyodrębnieniem dwóch grup: osób w relacjach trwających do 7 lat oraz powyżej 7 lat. W badaniach zastosowano Kwestionariusz Stylów Przywiązania (KSP) autorstwa M. Plopy (2008), Skalę Satysfakcji z Życia (SWLS) autorstwa E. Dienera i współpracowników a w polskiej adaptacji Z. Juczyńskiego (2001) oraz Kwestionariusz Resentymentu (KRe-Psy) opracowany przez M.G. Karbowskiego (2025). Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że zarówno style przywiązania, jak i poziom resentymentu istotnie wiążą się z satysfakcją z życia w relacji partnerskiej, niezależnie od długości jej trwania. Resentyment ujawnia się jako korelat obniżający jakość relacji, współwystępujący szczególnie z poza bezpiecznym stylami przywiązania. W związkach o stażu powyżej 7 lat wyższa satysfakcja relacyjna wiąże się z niższym nasileniem kluczowych komponentów resentymentu – niechęci (ρ = −0,781), pogardy (ρ = −0,802) i żalu (ρ = −0,603) – co sugeruje, że wraz ze spadkiem jakości relacji narastają trwałe formy wrogości i poczucia krzywdy. Oznacza to, że w relacjach długoterminowych resentyment przyjmuje charakter względnie chroniczny i związany z niższą oceną związku. Natomiast w związkach do 7 lat satysfakcja relacyjna ma najniższy poziom w powiązaniu z zemstą (ρ = −0,832), jak i zazdrością (ρ = −0,541) podczas gdy inne przejawy resentymentu są nieskorelowane z jakością relacji. Rezultaty badań podkreślają uniwersalne znaczenie analizowanych zmiennych w oraz na potrzebę dalszych badań, zwłaszcza o charakterze podłużnym, umożliwiających lepsze zrozumienie dynamiki tych zależności w czasie trwania związku.

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