Keywords
life satisfaction
partnerships
ressentiment
How to Cite
Abstract
Partner relationships play a key role in human functioning, being an important source of emotional support, security, and a sense of belonging. Contemporary psychological research increasingly focuses on the factors determining the quality and durability of relationships, among which particular importance is attributed to attachment styles and less to the phenomenon of ressentiment. Attachment styles, formed in early relational experience, determine the ways of regulating closeness, trust, and dependence in partner relationships. On the other hand, ressentiment, understood as a relatively permanent emotional and cognitive disposition of a hidden nature, can act as a “silent destructor” of the relationship, influencing the interpretation of the partner’s behaviour, the emotions experienced and the subjective assessment of the relationship. The paper aims to show the relationship between attachment styles, the level of ressentiment and life satisfaction in relationships of different seniority. The study included 144 people (72 women and 72 men) in partnerships, with two groups separated: people in relationships lasting up to 7 years and over 7 years. The Attachment Styles Questionnaire (KSP) by M. Plopa was used in the research (2008), the Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS) by E. Diener and colleagues, and in the Polish adaptation Z. Juczyński (2001) and the Ressentiment Questionnaire (KRe-Psy) developed by M.G. Karbowski (2025). The results indicate that both attachment styles and the level of ressentiment are significantly associated with life satisfaction in a partnership, regardless of its duration. Ressentiment manifests itself as a correlate that lowers the quality of relationships, co-occurring especially with non-secure attachment styles. In relationships with more than 7 years of experience, higher relational satisfaction is associated with a lower severity of the key components of ressentiment – reluctance (ρ = −0.781), contempt (ρ = −0.802), and regret (ρ = −0.603) – suggesting that as the quality of relationships decreases, persistent forms of hostility and feelings of harm increase. This means that in long-term relationships, ressentiment takes on a relatively chronic character and is associated with a lower rating of the relationship. On the other hand, in relationships up to 7 years of age, relational satisfaction has the lowest level in connection with revenge (ρ = −0.832) and jealousy (ρ = −0.541), while other manifestations of ressentiment are uncorrelated with the quality of the relationship. The results of the study emphasise the universal importance of the analysed variables in and the need for further research, especially of a longitudinal nature, enabling a better understanding of the dynamics of these relationships during the duration of the relationship.
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